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[OM] Re: Developer preservation, Was: Darkroom - Getting the paper to tu

Subject: [OM] Re: Developer preservation, Was: Darkroom - Getting the paper to turn black
From: Philippe Le Zuikomane <zuikomane@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2004 15:48:06 -0500
If I may, Les, it's *rootstocks*, not *cuttings*. You're confusing the pedestal 
and the statue. Just as Ellis Island was Made In America whereas the Statue of 
Liberty was Made In France, so are the roots of our hybridized vines MIA 
whereas their grapes are MIF. If you want to MIF your French friends, you want 
to make sure your facts are not MIA. ;-)

In other words, North American rootstocks, originally native to the Midwest and 
Canada, were exported to countries where European vines were being sucked dry 
by an aphid native to America, because they had natural resistance to their 
American parasites. Texan Munson was a key provider of such rootstocks in the 
1870s under the program initiated after the discovery made by Frenchman 
Planchon, working to undo the tremendous damage caused by his fellow-countryman 
Borty, who had used vine cuttings from the US in his Provencal vineyards in 
1862... (There are also mentions of contemporaneous shipments of the similar 
louse-infected vines to Britain.)

That was not the first time American cuttings had brought disease to European 
vineyards. Powdery or downy mildew came to us in the 1850s, and Briton Berkeley 
identified American grapevines as the vectors. The phylloxera outbreak of the 
1860s and later affected Europe, Australia, and finally California, where many 
European vines were being grown successfully. (Hungarian Harazsthy, following 
in the footsteps of Frenchman Vignes -- the aptly named founder of the modern 
Californian wine industry -- had introduced 300 grape varieties to California 
from over 160 great vineyards in the 1850s and 60s.)

One major blight befell American vintners after 1918, caused by a vicious form 
of brain rot spread by members of the Temperance Movement, armed with axes and 
ballots. To this day, it is not fully eradicated and you can't buy wine in a 
grocery store on a Sunday morning in Houston. A similar catastrophe occurred in 
Finland, where drinking binges remain a major public health problem -- as they 
do in America...

-- Phil (planning to have dinner tonight at Le Cep -- French for vine stock -- 
in Munson's state.)

On 14:55, ll.clark@xxxxxxxxxxx wrote:

>>And as I recall, there was an earlier blight that they were saved
>>from by cuttings from Texas vineyards.


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