The most significant recorded volcanic explosion since the Holocene took
place in 1257/58. It was magnitudes larger than the Krakatoa explosion, which
was dwarfed by the 1815 Tambora explosion. It precipitated the Little Ice Age
by injecting so much debris into the atmosphere that global temperatures slowly
decreased until the mid-19th century. The Little Ice Age was the result of
this long-term cooling plus the complete lack of solar activity during the
Maunder Minimum.
It has never been firmly determined as to where the 1257/58 explosion took
place. Earlier it was suspected to be El Chichon, Mexico by way of ash debris
in the Caribbean basin. Now, it is thought to be the Samalas Volcano on Lombok
Island, Indonesia:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24332239
Chris
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